The Expansion Of Slavery During The 19th Century - 1410 Words

During the 19th century, so known â€Å"peculiar institution† of slavery dominated labor systems of the American South, also dominated most production in the US and led to a boost of the economy of the New Republic. By the 1850 s, US had become a country segregated into two regional identities, known as the Slave South and the Free North. While the South maintained a pro-slavery identity that supported and protected the expansion of slavery westward, the North largely held abolitionist views and opposed the slavery’s westward expansion. Until the 1850 s the nation uncertainly balanced the slavery subject between the two opponents. However, the acquisition of the Louisiana territories in 1803 by the Jefferson administration doubled the size of the US and the victory in the Mexican-American War extended the territory to the Pacific which quadrupled the area of the US. Ultimately, the territorial expansion led to the spread of slavery. In this essay, I will describe some o f the reasons for the expansion of slavery including its influence in national politics, and consequences such as political debates and crises of 1850’s. The first reason of expansion was the decline in The North for slaves. Because the North prospered during the Industrial Revolution, northern cities were the center of industry in the US. They became major metropolises due to the large flow of immigrants. Also the first reasons for the civil war. After the lands in the Old South were exhausted from cottonShow MoreRelatedAp American History - by: Alberto Alonso937 Words   |  4 PagesWar attacked slavery as the root cause of expansion, but in fact it was no more important than other causes.† Assess the validity of this statement, using the documents and your knowledge of U.S. history from 1820-1860 to support your answer. During the early-mid part of the 19th century (mainly 1820-1860) Americans objected many things they didn’t like. Taxes, the government, even presidents were some of the rejections of the people. But the one thing the people did not like during this time periodRead MoreSlavery During The 19th Century1636 Words   |  7 Pages# 2 In the early years of the 19th century, slavery was more than ever turning into a sectional concern, such that the nation had essentially become divided along regional lines. Based on economic or moral reasoning, people of the Northern states were increasingly in support of opposition to slavery, all the while Southerners became united to defend the institution of slavery. Brought on by profound changes including regional differences in the pattern of slavery in the upper and lower South, asRead MoreCauses Of The Missouri Compromise Of 1820814 Words   |  4 Pagestensions between Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery factions within the U.S. congress and across the county. The history of slavery and manifest destiny became one of the main reasons why The Missouri Compromise came to be. Meanwhile, the senate was debating whether they should abolish slavery or expand it, as well as how slavery befits the country economically. Many economic, political, and social events occurred in order for T he Missouri Compromise of 1820 to be established. Slavery in America began whenRead MoreWhy Did Slave Trading Intensify in Nineteenth-Century East Africa?1103 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the 19th century the East Africa was marked by the sadness event of slave trading in response to larger demanding markets. For a long time the exportation of slaves was made through the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to supply the Muslin world. However there was a greatly expansion of slave trades to the Atlantic ocean during 19th century. The slave trading increase during the 19th century due to the fact that the exportation of slaves was a profitable business, more than five times the export ofRead MoreThe European Colonization Of Americas 1620-900 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Essay- Prompt Three INTRODUCTION America would not be the same it is today without the numerous times of territorial expansion from the 17th to 19th century. America started with European Colonization in the 17th century, its borders were defined in the 18th century, and America extended from a coast to coast nation in the 19th century. There is not just expansion of land on a physical map, but also increased political tension and economic growth as America grows as a nation. PARAGRAPH 1(EuropeanRead MoreSlavery In The River Of Dark Dreams By Walter Johnson1745 Words   |  7 Pagesslavery and the enslaved to achieve cotton’s global domination and earn the South’s economic title as the â€Å"Cotton Kingdom.† A major factor in the South’s economic rise was the expansion of slavery. During the first half of the 19th century, America began to acquire new territory. In â€Å"The River of Dark Dreams† by Walter Johnson, Johnson explains that with these new states, arguments about whether slavery should continue or be abolished altogether became more and more contentious. Given the SouthernRead MoreThe During The 19th Century902 Words   |  4 PagesThe events in the 19th century had changed the lives of women and blacks completely. It was an age where the impact of the industrial revolution caused a sharp differentiation between the gender roles, especially of the upper and middle classes. In 19th century, appeared the events such as African American Civil Rights Movement, Civil War, and The Women’s Rights Movement had put women and blacks’ role to a new level. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic domains to support theRead MoreA Study Of Afri can History1384 Words   |  6 Pagesthink slavery happened after a group of explores from Portuguese started ring the coast of West Africa, but little do they know African Americans were trading themselves way before then. Portuguese explorer Prince Henry, known as the navigator, was the first European to methodically explore Africa and the oceanic to the Indies.[1] Many Europeans thought that Africa s history was not important. They argued that Africans were inferior to Europeans and they used this to help justify slavery. HoweverRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Manifest Destiny By John Louis O Sullivan1686 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the first half of the 19th century, the United States experienced westward expansion into territories, like Oregon, Texas, and California. The main incitement for the expansion was the Doctrine of Manifest Destiny. In 1845 an American columnist, John Louis O’Sullivan, introduced the term â€Å"Manifest Destiny,† which applied to the idea tha t America was destined to expand. According to the doctrine, America had a God given right to expand its democratic institution because Americans were morallyRead MoreAfrican Americans and Cotton Fields1233 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we think about slavery we perceive it to be African Americans working on a cotton field, but where did that perception come from and where did slavery begin in North America? Slavery has been one of the longest standing legal systems used throughout history. History shows that the first settlers in North America, both the Vikings and Native Americans, were the first cultures to practice slavery in the area. Slavery continued through early modern history, aiding in the discovery of North America

Theme Of A Dolls House Essay - 678 Words

Henrik Ibsens, A Dolls House is definitely a unique story written by a very intelligent, complicated writer. I believe he intentionally wrote the play in a manner which would lead every reader to draw his own conclusions. He forces us to find our own interpretation of the play in context with our personal lives and experiences with the opposite sex. The theme may be interpreted by many as a study of the moral laws that men and women are required to follow by nature. I believe it is primarily based on the gender stereotypes that determine the role of women in society. During the time in which the play took place, society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were expected to play a role in which they supported their husbands,†¦show more content†¦Nora responds to his remark saying, â€Å"Go away, Torvald! Leave me alone. I don’t want all this.† Torvald asks, â€Å"Aren’t I your husband?† implying that one of Nora’s duties as his wife is to physically please him at his command. Torvald also does not trust Nora with money, which exemplifies Torvalds treating Nora as a child. On the rare occasion when Torvald gives Nora some money, he is concerned that she will waste it on candy and pastry. In general, Nora’s duties are restricted to playing with the children, doing little housework, and working on her needlepoint. A problem with her responsibilities is that her most important obligation is to please Torvald, making her role similar to that of a slave. Torvald easily talks down to Nora saying things like: â€Å"†¦worries that you couldn’t possible help me with†, â€Å"Nora, Nora, just like a woman†, and â€Å"Mayn’t I look at my dearest treasure? At all the beauty that belongs to no one but me—that’s my very own?† as if she is considered his property. However, Nora does eventually realize that she has been treated like a child all her life and has been denied the right to think and act the way she wishes. When Torvald does not immediately offer to help Nora after Krogstad threatens to expose her, Nora realizes that there is a problem. By waiting until after he discovers that his social status will suffer no harm, Torvald reveals his trueShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Symbolism In A Doll House1168 Words   |  5 Pagescannot be ignored. The play has excellent examples of symbolism and metaphor. There are easy to realize and understand the metaphors, but symbols have deep meanings, which we must feel the Author’s emotion in the three acts while reading a Doll’s House. Regarding the symbolism, we see the Christmas tree in Act I, and Tarantella in Act II. Also, in terms of metaphor in the play, the connection between animals and human activities such as ‘little Squirrel’ in Act I, II, and ‘Big Black Hatâ₠¬â„¢ in Act IIIRead MoreThe Theme of Death in Othello and a Doll House1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe theme of death is present in many works of literature. It is given metaphors and cloaked with different meanings, yet it always represents an end. Every end signifies a new beginning, and every death gives rise to a new birth. Physical death ...is mere transformation, not destruction, writes Ding Ming-Dao. What dies is merely the identity, the identification of a collection of parts that we called a person. What dies is only our human meaning (49). Figuratively speaking, death symbolizesRead More Dolls House: Themes And Theatrics Essay2251 Words   |  10 Pages Ever since quot;A Doll Housequot; first came to the stage in the 1880s, critics have argued vehemently about the Ibsens intentions while writing the play, and the ambivalence over the play confused not only the plays but also the audience: while some patrons praised the play, others stormed the stages in protest of Noras aba ndonment of her family. The difference of opinion ranged so far as to incite patron who, after reading reviews of the play that objected to the dialogue in the play, didRead MoreCritical Analysis of a Doll House1250 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of A Doll House By Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen s background provided him the insight to write the play A Doll House. In Britannica Biographies, Ibsen s father lost his business and the family s financial stability when Ibsen was a young child. Because of the family s financial misfortunes, at the age of 15, Ibsen was forced to leave home and venture out on his own. He supported himself meagerly as an apothecary s apprentice and studied at night to prepare for universityRead MoreEssay on Themes and Symbols in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House1296 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen your doll-wife here, just as at home I was Papa’a doll-child† (Ibsen 1491). Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House tells a story of scandal and deceit set in the Victorian era. Nora Helmer is married to Torvald Helmer and she feels more like his toy than his wife. Nora had to have Torvald to be able to do anything, because of when she lived. Nora borrows money behind her husband’s back (which is illegal at this time) and tries to cover up everything she has done. Ibsen employs the use of many themes and symbolsRead MoreThe Youngest Doll1174 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Mason Lewis Dr. Taylor English 110 7, March 2014 The Youngest Doll Throughout the year we have read many stories where reality and fantasy come into question. Once again we have this same problem with â€Å"The Youngest Doll†. What makes us question reality or fantasy in the story is the vivid description the author gives of the dolls that the aunt makes for the girls. With the description of the â€Å"wax mask of the child’s face† or the â€Å"porcelain of the hands and face†, it gives off the allusionRead MoreChanging The World : One Play At A Time1644 Words   |  7 Pageshistorically influential plays that were written during the birth of feminism are quintessential to the rise of free expression among women. A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, and Trifles by Susan Glaspell both explore the unjust role of women in society, though in contrast, A Doll House develops the theme through a more complex external conflict. Trifles and A Doll House are both centered on marriage and both come from the woman’s point of view. In Trifles, the audience is introduced into the home of MrsRead MoreAnalysis Of A Dolls House By Henrik Ibsen1076 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Here I have been your doll wife, just as at-home I used to be papa’s doll child.† states Nora Helmer (A Doll House, Act 3 pg. 114). The play A Doll House was composed by Henrik Ibsen and is written in first person. It takes place in Norway in the late 1800s. A Doll house focuses on a woman name Nora Helmer who is married with children. After eight years of being married, she decides to end it. Nora ends her relationship to start a new life and discover herself. However; she does Commit a selfishRead MoreRealism In A Doll House Analysis879 Words   |  4 PagesRealism in Ibsens A Dolls House What is realism and what are some of the defining characteristics that cause a play to be classified as realistic? Realism started as a movement around the mid 18th century and the early 19th century with French and Russian literature. The definition of realism according to Walter Levy is, the portrayal of characters in a realistic physical and cultural environment, or, the portrayal of the story in a style that is familiar to the audience. Realistic settingsRead MoreA Dolls House : Minor Characters Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesA Dolls House : Minor Characters The supporting characters are important in themselves because they face the same type of problemsÂ…(Urban Parallels). Minor characters do a fantastic job of dropping hints to the major themes at the end of any play. Noras father, Mrs. Lindes husband, Noras children, Krogstads children, and Anne Marie, the minor characters in A Dolls House, play their roles perfectly in supporting and shadowing the main characters and themes of the play. The first

Water Conservation Free Essays

Hovhannes Marukyan Extra Credit MGT 462/November 16, 2009 Water Conservation I have attended the presentation about water conservation techniques that each of us can use in our everyday life to ensure the sustainable development of resources and especially water. The presenter on the water conservation was a man who is in charge of the water preservation in Santa Monica. The presentation was very interesting and had great deal of information about proven water conservation tactics. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Conservation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The topics covered included everything pertaining to consumer water usage and misusage. The topics included varied from water content in the soil to less water consuming showerheads to newer ways of watering the lawn. In order to understand the in-home usage one must first understand the nature of water usage in the global scale. He pointed out that most of the time societies use more water than needed. Some examples of places where people overuse water are in resorts, hydraulic dams, outdoor pools, basking in the showers, overflowing tubs, and so on. What is interesting is that in order for water to get to us individually it needs to use energy to generate enough pressure, and if we use less water, hence we use less energy. Hydralic dams use the most amount of water, and if we consume less energy we will use less water. Drying and cooling take the most amount of energy. His next topic in the presentation was about understood the Hydrologic cycle. The hydrologic cycle is when water on earth becomes dry enough and goes into the air as steam, than under right conditions when it’s high enough in the atmosphere and it meets a with the cool air the steam becomes liquid and falls down as rain. We dry up the air, from freeways, residential surfaces, and commercial surfaces, and if the air is not cold enough than the water will rarely liquefy. Now in order to battle this situation he presented with three possible solutions. First by cutting down on driving, with correlation of roof gardening we will to keep the air cool. Secondly we will save water by changing habits and fixtures, conserving water and energy. Third way is by reusing the water instead of throwing it away, this could be done by installing grey water systems. It is when the dirty water is recycled instead of going to the ocean. Next step in the presentation was about how we as individuals can do to conserve water. He broke down water conservation into two parts, the indoor and the outdoor. What we can do indoors is to do the simple things, like not letting the water on when brushing our teeth, not taking extensive showers, not leaving the water on for hours and forgetting about it. Another easy way to use less water is putting a half full bottle of water in the back of the toilet to deter it from using a lot of water. This is especially a good idea for old toilets models which in general use more water than needed. The best amount of water per flush is 1. 5 GMP; the transition is slow, but persistent. He also mentioned other ways of water conserving that included buying a water conserving showerhead, using toilets with dual flush systems, for hard and soft waste. And in general looking at everything inside the house that uses water and trying to see if one can reduce its water consumption. An example would be to buy a more water efficient dish washer, and a washing machine. However he talked more extensively about the outdoor techniques of water conservation. He said that about half of the water used in homes is consumed outdoors. He also stated that about 20% of energy in California is spent of the transportation of water. Another very interesting aspect about water consumption that he spoke of was the usage of plants in the landscaping of houses can greatly reduce the amount of energy that is required to cool them. He also mentioned the fact that people sometimes make a mistake of watering their plants more when there is a problem. According to the speaker there could be many reasons that a plant is unhealthy such as bad soil, positioning, and bugs. Since watering plants and the lawn is such a huge consumer of water, he suggested inspecting plants regularly, finding out what kind of soil is required for a great plant, positioning the plants to face the sun, hence reduce the amount of sunshine on the house, and saving energy. Also watering the lawn differently could help reduce water consumption. He spoke about drip irrigation, which is a very smart way of irrigating. It does not irrigate the whole lawn but the important parts of it where the plants are located. This helps use less water, waters only the plants exclusively, and is a great way battles weeds which thrive on water and take a lot of money to kill. Other ways of making sure that we use less water is using spray heads that use less water. Because soil can only absorb so much water at a ime it is important to making sure that the sprinkles don’t disperse water faster than the soil can absorb it. Adjusting the sprinkle time to daylight saving can meet this issue. The last way to save water that the presenter mentioned was using what is called permeable pavement. This pavement type uses space in between pavement and fills it with another material such as sand to allow in instead of allowing it to run off. Having some water in the soil is be neficial. With all the manmade building the soil underneath does not get enough water to stay in the same shape. How to cite Water Conservation, Papers Water conservation Free Essays Water Supply Imagine when you wake up tomorrow and there Is no running water to take a shower, brush your teeth, or even have a cold drink. In today’s society, we have been experiencing an extreme drought and it is progressively getting worse and worse every day. We as Americans do not realize the harm and danger we are bringing to ourselves by wasting water without even realizing it. We will write a custom essay sample on Water conservation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most people don’t know how much water they are using; on a daily schedule the average person uses 80-100 gallons per day (EPA. Gob). With usages like this in our everyday life, our society should mom together and start conserving what little water we do have left. Every drop counts at this point; It Is very critical that people learn to watch their water usage and not letting it go to waste. I believe the Wayne Foundation should aid me in a public service announcement to help protect our water supply while we still have it by cutting back on the water we use and conserving what we do have. I plan to show the importance through my studies that we are running out of water and that there is something YOU can do to help out. My mall purpose In this study Is to Inform young adults ages 15 through 35 on owe to conserve and protect our water supply, by doing simple task throughout their daily lives. I chose to pick this age group because they are young and can still make an impact in our society by spreading it to others in their surroundings. There are many different ways to conserve our Nations water supply, but we Just have to step back and realize what we are doing wrong and how to fix it. Many problems occur when there Is a lack of knowledge being brought to the community In your city. This Is why I am pleading to the Wayne foundation to lad not only me but our Nation as a hole. I believe the primary problem today Is not paying attention when using water in an incorrect manner. The united States population has doubled over the past 50 years, which left us tripling in need for water, and with 36 states facing water shortages and extreme droughts at the end of 2013 (â€Å"Greengage†). I want anyone that is interested to volunteer and help as a person to conserve the water he/she uses and Inform others that may be close to you. People today wait till the last minute to realize that we are In a drought Instead of preparing for It years ahead. For n example, Texas has been experiencing some very dry time periods in the past years, and the word drought, had brought out the word conservation. It is very important to remind yourself that water conservation isn’t Just for times of water droughts. Conserving water prevents huge infrastructure such as wasted water treatment plants and allocations systems that deliver the water to the consumers. This can eliminate the need to make big Investments In the new Infrastructure. By using less water will help during the tight times we will encounter during these water shortages. Water conservation is easy and inexpensive to each individual that wants to help our Nation. We live, drink and worship water on our planet. What is the solution when it is too late to conserve and all the water is gone? It is easy: less than 1 % of our water on earth can be consumed by humans not including animals. The rest is salt water us(â€Å"Greening EPA†). Communities around the world are experiencing challenges in keeping healthy and affordable water supplies; it is very important to use our water astutely and not Just throw it away. There are 5 easy ways to help remember to onshore water that actually spells out water. â€Å"Wash laundry and dishes with full loads. Always turn off running water. Take shorter showers. Eliminate all or any leaks. Reduce the flow of toilets and shower heads. † By following these 5 easy steps the average person can save up to 50 gallons daily( Obstacles)! An extreme difference can be made if you put forth the effort and do something about it; instead of Just waiting around and letting someone else do it for you. Everyone knows the simple task on just turning off the facet when brushing your teeth (saving 3000 gallons per year) but here is actually an alternative that doesn’t matter if you leave it on or off. Crazy! I know; this company is called Waterlines , which is sponsored by EPA. Using high performance water- efficient devices and water systems that condense water use in the home and helps preserve our nation’s water assets. As people throughout our nation begin to face obstacles regarding water supply and infrastructure, this company helps people identify their efficient products and programs. They help anyone and everyone that is willing to buy their product, which guarantees the paving of money, water and energy (â€Å"waterlines. EPA. Go). I will promote this website to help my AS travel even further to the communities around the nation. I will be putting a link on my billboard for more ways to calculate and find alternative ways to save water. My billboard will promote the 5 easy ways to conserve water that I mentioned earlier, with half the board showing an extreme drought and on the other side showing beautiful a water fall. By doing this, it will help people realize what is happening to our nations water supply as we speak. I plan to put up these billboards al across the nation on every big interstate to make an impact on what we are experiencing. There are many ways to make a difference but actually doing it is the huge problem today. Let’s start with something we use in our everyday lives. Toilets are the most commonly used appliances in every household, business, etc. They account for more than 30 percent of all indoor water consumption (â€Å"The department of the environment†). Also, toilets are the most wasteful, due to leaks and the 4 gallons of water that gets flushed each time. There are many high quality toilets, including the ewe dual flush technology made by â€Å"waterlines†. Dual flush toilets have two different flush volumes; one is for a full flush for solids and another for mainly liquids. Using â€Å"waterlines† technology will help in the long run by using high performing water efficient supplies. Let’s Just say that if everyone in the United States installed water- efficient supplies, the country would save up to 3 trillion gallons of water and 18 billion dollars per year in use. By doing that it would increase money supply and our nation’s water. For instance, the average washing machine uses up to 40 gallons per dad and if each person installed a high-efficient washing machine(â€Å"Greengage†). They would be using 40 to 50 percent less water and also contributes to energy saving. All of these new appliances could make an impact in today’s society. Research shows that 80% of the nation’s health maladies get traced back to unsanitary water that causes sickness and dehydration (â€Å"water science and Technology’). My thought source of water. We would then be able to provide the world with unlimited amounts of drinking water. The hardest part to this would be the process of affording the chicanery to clean out the salt, making it fresh and able to use. Due to the poor usages with water in today’s society made me to believe that there are people out there that are willing to help. I Just need you, the Wayne foundation to help me help the nation conserve our water supply before we run out. The billboards that I have designed should be appealing to all ages but directed towards the youth to make a difference in our need for conservation. Every drop counts at this point and it is up to us to make a difference in this lifetime. Citations Drains, R. , M. How to cite Water conservation, Papers

Effect of Rhizobia in Plant Yeild free essay sample

The factors affecting plant yield: light level Abstract The factors affecting Zee Mays, maize (CO) and Pious sati, or pea (CO) plant yield and growth patterns placed under shade and full sunlight were investigated. 20 platelets placed into four vermiculite compost pots (5 from each planet) and submitted to fertilizer or no fertilizer. And after 4 weeks the results showed that maize grown in light with no fertilizer had a higher relative growth rate and root to shoot ratio indicating the allocation favored root development. Meanwhile pea with fertilizer and no light had a higher growth rate and shoot was more allocated since his CO plants were long. Introduction All organisms sense and interact with their environment. This is particularly true of plants. Plant survival and growth is critically influenced by biotic factors including water, wind, and light. But most importantly (in our experiment) light as it physical alters temperature which directly affects photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration loss of water and absorption of water and nutrients. The rate of these processes increases with an increase in temperature responses is different with different crops. The extent of growth and yield responses of plants to elevated CO depends on the photosynthetic pathway. Crops with CO photosynthesis will respond markedly to increasing CO concentrations. Common CO crops are small grain cereals (wheat, rice, barley, oat, and rye); grain legumes or pulses (soybean, peanut, various beards and peas); root and tuber crops (potato, cassava, sweet potato, sugar beet, yams); most oil, fruit, nut, vegetable, and crops; and temperate-zone (cool-climate) forage and grassland species. Zionist et al,. 1981) In contrast, plants with CO photosynthesis ill respond little to rising atmospheric CO because a mechanism to increase the concentration of CO in leaves causes CO saturation of photosynthesis at current ambient concentrations. Common CO crops are maize (corn), sugarcane, sorghum, millet, and many tropical and subtropical zone (warm-climate) gras s species (Reunion et al,. 2010). The CO photosynthetic carbon cycle is an elaborated addition to the CO photosynthetic pathway. It evolved as an adaptation to high light intensities, high temperatures, and dryness. Therefore, CO plants dominate grassland floras and mommas production in the warmer climates of the tropical and subtropical regions. In all plants CO is fixed by the enzyme Rubrics. It catalysts the carbonization of rebellious-I ,5-phosphate, leading to two molecules of 3-phosphorescently. Instead of CO, Rubrics can also add oxygen to rebellious-I ,5-phosphate, resulting in one molecule each of 3-phosphorescently and 2-phosphorescently. Phosphorescently has no known metabolic purpose and in higher concentrations it is toxic for the plant. Bingham, 1984) It therefore has to be processed in a metabolic pathway called photoengraving. Photoengraving is not only energy demanding, but furthermore leads to a net loss of CO. Thus the efficiency of photosynthesis can be decreased by 40% under unfavorable conditions including high temperatures and dryness The intolerable oxygenate reaction to Rubrics can be explained as a relic to the evolutionary history of this enzyme, which evolved more tha n 3 billion years ago when atmospheric CO concentrations were high and oxygen concentrations low. Apparently, later on, it was impossible to alter the enzymes properties or to exchange Rubrics by another carboxylic. Nevertheless, plants developed different ways to cope with this problem. Perhaps the most successful solution was CO photosynthesis. (Run-on et al,. 2010) Material and methods A trays of pea and maize seedlings (2 trays of each), 7 days old, grown in coarse vermiculite was issued. To experiment the comparison between treatments species, or within species under different growing regimes. Standard growing conditions in the growth room were ?ICC daytime/?19 co night, in a 16-h photodiode. Results and Discussion Figure 1: root and shoot length (CM) of Zee Mays, maize and Pious sati, pea grown n shade and full solar radiation over 4 weeks. (n=5) According figure 1, the maize in treatment 2 which represent platelets grown in sunlight with no fertilizer has the highest allocation in root, shoot and leaves. Relative to all other maize in other treatments, but the error bars shows that this treatment for maize also has among the highest standard deviation, which meaner there is a huge difference between the sample mean, low and highest value. Maize in treatment 1 (had both sunlight and fertilizer), 3 (fertilizer only/ no sunlight) and 4 (no sunlight/ no fertilizer) had more or sees similar allocations in their source and sinks (leaves, shoots and roots). The pea had the lowest allocation of the trio leaves, roots and shoot in treatment 1 (where both sunlight and fertilizer were present) relative to other pea in other treatments. And the pea in treatment 3 (fertilizer and no light) and 4 which had no light and no fertilizer, but allocations were distributed differently. Treatment 3 had negative mean for shoot which mean the shoot did not increase after treatment thus the final was less than the initial shoot length and there was no leave change ( in number) and the tots had the highest mean in this treatment. This meaner that pea platelets in this treatment chose to allocate more on roots than for shoot and leaves. Treatment 4 on the other hand had positive allocation mean for shoot and roots and non for leaves. The roots were again allocated more than the shoots. Table 1: root and shoot relative growth rate of Zee Mays, maize and Pious sati, pea grown in shade and full solar radiation over 4 weeks. (n=5) Sample Treatment N Relative growth rate Roots shoots Maize Shade / fertilizer 5 0. 0718 0. 0936 Shade / no fertilizer 0. 052 0. 086 Light / no fertilizer Pea Shade fertilizer Shade no fertilizer Light fertilizer Light no fertilizer 0. 1280. 154 5 0. 0231 0. 114 0. 0129 0. 146 5 -0. 033 0. 0495 -0. 032 0. 00681 Figure 2: root and shoot relative growth rate of Zee Mays, maize and Pious sati, pea grown in shade and full solar radiation over 4 weeks. N=5) Using shoot and root lengths to measure relative growth of our platelets after treatment. Treatment 2 (no fertilizer and in sunlight) for maize has the highest root and shoot relative growth rates. Meanwhile pea had it highest RIG in treatment 3 and 4 (3=fertilizer and no sunlight/ 4= no fret and sunlight). This tells us that the maize allocated more or less evenly in both shoot and root hence t he platelets were tall and fibrous in roots. But the pea allocated more in 3 / 4 for shoots , so the root: shoot ratio was not even thus the platelets were tall and moderately rooted. We could get or measure the actual biomass, due to the fact that we were given a small number of seeds ( n =5) so since biomass uses dry weight it will sacrificing 3 of 5 seeds for each treatment and specie size or pea. Which will leave us with 2 seeds to experiment on which will not be valid to experiment on. Since in experiment science we require variability and randomness which we would not get from two seeds. Plants grown in full light suffer mostly from excess light which leads to limited carbon dioxide, since water and co share the same route in and out the plant which is the stomata. When there is too much light the plant transpires via evaporative cooling and loses water thus to overcome this lose they close their stomata which limited not only the water but also the co. Two features of the CO cycle in CO plants overcome the deleterious effects of higher temperature on photosynthesis that were noted earlier. First, the affinity of PEP carboxylic for its substrate, HCI, is sufficiently high that the enzyme is saturated by HCI in equilibrium with air levels of co. Furthermore, because the substrate is HCI and oxygen is not a competitor in the reaction.

A Long Time Ago There Lived Two Mice In free essay sample

A long time ago there lived two mice in a far away land called City of Creatures. These two mice had set out on a Journey across town to the promised land of limitless food. One of the mice was a kind hearted mouse, if it was up to him, he would rather see his friend succeed in the Journey than him. He simply Just wanted the best for every body. The other mouse was the opposite to say the least. All he wanted to make sure was that he made the Journey and was rewarded with all the food he could ever eat. Their Journey was long and tiring.It is not easy for two mice to get themselves across a city on their own two paws, however these mice were determined, but each had their separate motives. There came a point in the Journey were the two were forced to balance on the ceiling beams of a building while they tried to get to the other side. We will write a custom essay sample on A Long Time Ago There Lived Two Mice In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The kind mouse let his friend go second so that he could learn from seeing him go before. As the mice set out to get across these huge beams of terror, neither knew how this would end. As they got towards the middle of the building the beam started o get smaller than how it was at the start of the trip. They son realized that it would be hard to balance the way was across. However the first mouse was determined to see him and his friend conquer this Journey. He had waited his whole life for this and he was not going to let anything get In the way. Eventually the beam was so small that the mouse was wider than It. The second mouse, who was the heaviest of the two, eventually fell off. His friend did not want to see him nit make the Journey so he followed by Jumping off to follow. Unfortunately, he two mice landed In a bucket of cream. Neither of them could swim very well and their chance for making It out of the bucket was not looking very good. Eventually the bigger mouse gave up, he saw no hope, he Just drowned. But the other mouse, the smaller one was not going to let that happen to himself. This mouse had plans to reach this land of limitless food. HIS family was expecting him and he was not about to leave them waiting. He still didnt know what he was going to do to make It out of this bucket of cream, he Just kept himself barely afloat.Whenever he thought that abbey It Just wasnt going to happen for him to get out of the bucket, he thought of his mom, waiting for him with the biggest piece of smoked Gouda he has ever seen. All he wanted was to get out of that bucket. Eventually, that mouse kept slamming and swimming In that bucket of cream that It turned to butter. The mouse walked out. There was no doubt In his mind that he would eventually get out of there, but all he had to depend on was himself and his perseverance.This story goes to prove that, In life, you might not always know exactly how this craziness will end, but If you Just ATA positive and never give up, you too will turn that cream to butter A Long Time Ago There Lived Two Mice In By antimatter he was not going to let anything get in the way. Eventually the beam was so small that the mouse was wider than it. The second the two mice landed in a bucket of cream. Neither of them could swim very well and their chance for making it out of the bucket was not looking very good. Eventually the reach this land of limitless food.His family was expecting him and he was not about to leave them waiting. He still didnt know what he was going to do to make it out of maybe it Just wasnt going to happen for him to get out of the bucket, he thought of All he wanted was to get out of that bucket. Eventually, that mouse kept swimming and swimming in that bucket of cream that it turned to butter.

Advantages of a Boarding School Education

Advantages of a Boarding School Education Boarding schools have long been praised for offering students small class sizes, close alliances between students and teachers, and rigorous academics. But the long term benefits of attening boarding school were not always so clear. Until now ... thanks to a thorough study carried out by The Association of Boarding Schools (TABS), an association that works with more than 300 boarding schools around the world, there is evidence that supports the advantages of a boarding school education for students over public and private day schools. The TABS  study surveyed more than 1,000 boarding school students and alumni and compared them to 1,100 public school students and 600 private day school students. The results suggest that boarding school students are better prepared for college than students who attend private day schools and public schools and that boarding school students also make faster progress in their careers. The reasons for these results may be a direct result of essentially being immersed in an academic environment full time. TABS has been working diligently to support boarding schools, and recently launched the Ready for More? Campaign. That campaign, along with the results of the survey paint an enticing picture for boarding school experiences. Academics and Student Life The study conducted by The Association of Boarding Schools found that 54% boarding school students report being highly satisfied with their academic experience, as compared to 42% of students who attend private day schools and 40% of students who attend public schools.   Check out these statistics from the TABS Study on what boarding school students say about their school environment, as compared to Private and Public School Students: 75% of boarding school students report that their peers are motivated, as compared to 71% of private day school students, and 49% of public school students.  91% of boarding school students feel their school is challenging academically, as compared to 70% of private day school students and 50% of public school students.  90% of boarding school students report that their teachers are high quality, whereas only 62% of private day and 51% of public school students would rate their teachers as high quality. College Preparation In addition, boarding school students reported that they are better prepared for college than students from public or private day schools. The study carried out by The Association of Boarding Schools found that 87% of boarding school students reported that they were very well prepared to take on college academics, as compared to 71% of students from private day schools and 39% of students from public schools. In addition, 78% of students at boarding schools said that the daily life at boarding schools helped prepare them for other aspects of college life, such as exercising independence, handling their time well, and doing well with college social demands. In contrast, only 36% of private day school students and 23% of public school students reported that they were ready to tackle college life with success. Benefits Extending Beyond College Interestingly, the study showed that the benefits of having attended boarding school extended well into adult life. For example, boarding school alumni/ae tended to attend graduate school in greater numbers: 50% of them earned advanced degrees, as compared to 36% of private day school alumni/ae and 21% of public school graduates. And once they earned their degrees, graduates of boarding schools earned top positions in management to a greater extent than their colleagues- 44% did so, as compared to 33% of private day school grads and 27% of public school graduates. By the end of their careers, 52% of boarding school alumni had achieved top positions, as compared to 39% of private day school graduates and 27% of public school graduates. Boarding school alumni say in remarkable numbers that they enjoyed their experience at school, and, in fact, an overwhelming number- 90%say that they would repeat it. It is clear from the survey that boarding schools offer not only top academics but also lifelong benefits and a close-knit community that students and alumni enjoy for a lifetime. While many parents choose boarding school mainly for its educational value- in the TABS study, the promise of a good education was the primary reason parents chose boarding schools for their children- it is clear from the survey that the schools offer much more than just the experience in the classroom. They also offer students the ability to exercise independence, work closely with their teachers, and enjoy friendships that often last a lifetime. Edited by  Stacy Jagodowski

Information Processing Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Information Processing Theory - Research Paper Example   Therefore, the system of information processing of a person may be advanced when rules and preceptors are altered. This theory is, therefore, a system of theoretical frameworks addressing how information is received, thought about, modified mentally and remembered, and the manner in which such process of cognitive changes in the course of development. The theory involves components such as working memory, sensory register, and long-term memory. New information is received by the sensory register, processed at the working memory, and transferred to long-term memory. In his article, Thadani refers to these components as rehearsal, attention, and elaboration. Without these factors, people will not be able to understand, perceive, use and remember anything got every day.The information processing model follows a fixed structure of components as mentioned in the above paragraph. The structure of the model is as follows:†¢ The store model: this states that any information received can be kept at any unit of processing or channels it goes through. These channels are short term memory, sensory register and long-term memory.†¢ The sensory register: this makes part of the unit of mental processing receiving all information which is then stored permanently or temporarily.†¢ Short-term memory: this is a part of sensory register in which information can be temporarily stored. The information is then transferred to long-term memory once a decision has been made concerning such information. Long term memory: this is where information is stored permanently. Such information can be recovered as need arises. The use and application of information processing theory is something seen in our daily learning. The use and application of this theory can be explained as follows; at any given point when people perceive information, encode, store, retrieve, or represent information, it’s taken as thinking. Where a dilemma or problem arises, people must always encode critical information on the dilemma and then the stored information can be used in solving the dilemma. The steps involved include encoding, automization, strategy construction and

Using the Pyramid of Corporate social responsibility describe and Essay

Using the Pyramid of Corporate social responsibility describe and evaluate John Lewis's approach to Corporate Social responsibility - Essay Example To cater for this need, Carroll developed the pyramid of cooperating social responsibility (Crowther, 2010). The pyramid arranges the critical issues into philanthropy, ethic, legality and economic sectors. Philanthropy implies that the company should own up to the community. Contribute parts of its resources to the community, thereby improving the quality of life. Ethics covers doing what is right and fair. This means the business should not harm the community. In the past before the adherence of environmental policies, factories would pollute the rivers and the environment in a bid to getting rid of waste. Ethics forbids harm to the community, which may also occur in hoarding the goods for better prices. Legality covers obeying the law. The business should be legal and observe laws within the state, paying taxes, license renewal among other policies. Economic aspect includes the sole purpose of running a business. The aim is to make a profit. Without profit, the company cannot be able to meet its expenses and growth (Crowther, 2010). John Lewis Partnership embraces the premise of sustainability. The approach involves maintaining effective governance, actively engaging stakeholders, continuous performance monitoring and managing risks and opportunities. In order to maintain effective management, the Partnership employs well-educated and talented people with leadership traits. Such people are trained to make sound business decisions and to ensure the corporate achieves its goals. The board of managers and directors work hand in hand with other employees to provide a balance between investments and favorable working conditions. Waitrose and Lewis encourage sustainability by allocating resources to achieve focus. In comparison with the pyramid, this is in-line with the economic aspect. Without efficient decision making the company would run at a loss (John Lewis Partnership). Stakeholders include employees, suppliers, government agents and

Bristish Petroleum's Macondo Well accident BOP failure Research Paper

Bristish Petroleum's Macondo Well accident BOP failure - Research Paper Example The investigation team of BP revealed that requisite tests were not conducted properly by the engineering personnel because of which this disaster spread quite largely. Due to this devastating incident, the US federal government imposed a huge amount of fine upon BP. After the ocuurence of this incident, BOEMRE and Mineral Management Services (MMS) took strict initiatives and implemented various rules and regulations along with restructuring the working procedure so that this type of devastating incident might not occur in future. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Thesis Statement 5 5 An Overview of Macondo Well Accident 5 Root Causes of the Macondo Well Disaster 9 Investigation Report about Macondo Well Accident 10 BOP Failure 12 Steps Taken By BP after BOP Failure 13 Conclusion 15 Works Cited 16 Appendix 1 17 Petroleum Industry Terms 17 Appendix 2 18 Introduction BP plc is regarded as one of the leading oil and gas multinational companies in the world. It operates in more than 80 nations all over the world. However, over the years, in its operations the company has faced certain obstacles especially related to oil spill incidents which have created a significant impact on the overall sustainability and reputation of the organisation. In this context, Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident was one of the infamous chapters in the history of BP. The oil spill incident took place in Gulf of Mexico in the year 2010. It is considered as one of the biggest accidents in the history of petroleum industry. Deepwater Horizon (DH) was an oil rig which was built by the ‘Hyundai Heavy Industries’ shipyard in South Korea and was delivered to BP in the year 2001. The rig was valued to be of multi-million dollars and it was considered as a 5th generation advanced technological ‘semi-submersible’ drilling rig. This rig comprised automatic drilling systems by which oil was generated into the wellbore of Macondo Prospect. This fully automatic dr illing machine consisted of 15,000 ‘PSI-rated BOP system’ and operated below the sea level at about 9000 ft. The rig had drilled well up to 35,055 feet, which took almost nine years. This entire drilling system was owned as well as operated by the Transocean Company under a mutual agreement with BP (Deepwater Horizon Study Group, â€Å"Final Report on the Investigation of the Macondo Well Blowout†). Thesis Statement The paper intends to investigate and analyze the Macondo well accident of BP Plc at Gulf of Mexico which caused continued oil spill for several days resulting in widespread damage to marine habitats as well as wildlife. An Overview of Macondo Well Accident Deepwater Horizon’s ‘Blowout Preventer (BOP)’ was one of the main factors regarding the Macondo disaster. The incidents surrounding Macondo disaster have been more visible to the society through reports prepared by BP and the National Commission of the United States. The US feder al government imposed a huge fine amounting to around 4.5 billion USD against BP to settle illicit charges brought against the company regarding the Deepwater Horizon disaster (Capaldo, â€Å"US Government Fines BP $4.5bn Over Deepwater Horizon Disaster†). This incident occurred on the evening of 20th April 2010 due to the release of hydrocarbon gas on Macondo well

Impacts of Tourism Deregulation and National Security

Impacts of Tourism Deregulation and National Security National security has always been an issue dating back to as early as when man started organizing himself in society. Tourism has become a major pillar of modern-day economies and cultures. This research examines the impact of tourism deregulation or the simplification of government rules and requirements on tourism to national security. The study will also cover areas on importation of terrorism through tourism; compare tourism crime and other types of crime and finally investigate the changes in crime rate in countries that deregulate tourism. The resident attitudes towards the impacts of deregulation of tourism on national economy will be explored. Questionnaires and simple random sampling will be used to collect data from the respondents. The data collected will be analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences. The findings of the study will be presented using pie charts and graphs. CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Tourism and security are interrelated and inseparable. The security of the tourists is the primary concern of every host government because of it only where they feel safe that they will spend and visit again. The current economic state of most countries has presented a problem because governments have to come up with ways of raising foreign earnings to raise money to service the national debt and keep the economy afloat. One of the solutions has been to simplify government regulations for the tourism industry to attract more traffic. While this has been successful in most countries, recent evidence has raised questions of what effects lower standards for tourists have on the national security of the host country. Tourism is a delicate and dynamic industry. Although tourists have specific countries they want to tour based on experience, recommendation or the spirit of adventure, it is worth noting that some tourists have other agendas. It is impossible to know legitimate tourists from people with hidden agendas such as terrorists without the proper legislation. At the same time tourists are usually free to travel to destinations of their choice avoiding destinations associated with risk. It has been observed that the consequences of disastrous events on tourist destinations are spontaneous and adverse. Some of the insecurity concerns include terrorism of any kind where governments issue travel advisories to their citizens to not visit the affected country. A problem presents itself when the tourism has been imported in the guise of tourism, such that terrorists disguise themselves as normal tourists to enter countries. If stringent laws for immigration were to be put in place as they were befo re, it would be possible to pick the wheat from the chaff. According to (Zurick, 2006) the concept of security has changed through the decades from one of collective security and common defense to embrace notions of common and cooperative security. Despite the damage done to the concept of collective security because of the United States led invasion of Iraq, the development of common security structures through collective as well as multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations is still an important aspect for the expansion of security concerns to cover a nationà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s environment, health and economic security threats. This research also considers that tourism organizations have little influence on peace and security agendas despite the fact that they are important for tourism. This is particularly at the micro-level whereby appropriate tourism development initiatives may serve as a means to prevent potential future conflict over resource and environmental security challenges. 1.2 Safety, security and destination image The world has become a global village and the global relationships have become turbulent, this has therefore called for destination marketing organizations which focus their attention in demonstrating that there is safety for tourists. A tourist perception about a particular destination which may be caused by negative publicity is mostly a question of security and safety. Often, this negative publicity may be unrelated to the reality on the ground but it has more than significant effects on the tourism sector and the economy as a unit. Tourism deregulation impacts on national security can be categorized into positive and negative category based upon economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts. According to (Hall, Dallen Duval 2003), tourism is greatly affected by and affects security. The destination a tourist chooses is determined by how safe he or she knows it be, or has been advised is. Changes in the global security affect tourism greatly. The security concerns affect both tourists and the host country that has to face the fact that not all individuals visiting the country have good intentions. Responsible tourists take time to investigate the security situation in the countries they intend to visit. Such responsible tourists should be aware of security risks and take precautions to mitigate such effects or avoid them completely. The September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Towers in the United States of America are an epitome of events that can affect the tourist traffic of any country. Terrorist attacks have an impact on travel, leisure industries and tourist destinations. As a consequence more focus and attention has been directed towards tourism safety and security issues than ever before. The impact of deregulation on tourism laws on national security is a matter that cannot be ignored. Recent research is being focused further on the analysis of not only how travel safety can be promoted but also how security concerns may be incorporated in terms of tourism marketing. The management is also being enhanced to enable the industry become more responsive to chal lenges of security both internal and imported. Countries with unstable security history tend to be paranoid about security but stable and relatively safe countries have been continuously passing regulation that simplifies the process of obtaining tourist visas. The movement of the tourists is also not restricted or monitored. While this markets the country as place where the privacy of visitors is guaranteed and protected, it also attracts people of questionable character. These individuals might commit crime and abscond, or some might use the stability and anonymity to plan attacks on other countries. The latter situation can create a diplomatic spat which, unchecked, could escalate to war. Tourism activities can be affected by either external or internal forces; such forces may include war, terrorism activities, economic recessions, disaster, and financial crisis among others. Nations and cities which have experienced terrorist attacks for example New York and Washington faced profound impact on global travel (Blackford, 2004). The area of security is broad and sensitive and is affected by many things. The relationship between deregulation of tourism and national security can be explored in different perspectives. For example, in examining this relationship the research will look at whether the deregulation of air transport has influenced national security and the tourist destination countries in different nations. Terrorism will also be examined to investigate whether it can be imported in the guise of tourism. It will further examine the impact of deregulation on capacity as well as fares. The study also attempts to determine the impact deregulation has caused on marketing of tourist destinations and attractions. Finally, the research will investigate the impacts of tourism deregulation on transport at the destination areas. The research will also compare tourism crime and other types of crime (Hall, Dallen Duval 2003). 1.3 Statement of the problem The tourism industry has grown tremendously and thus every country is trying to gain a competitive advantage in order to market tourism adequately. This has lead to deregulation of tourism to assist raise tourist traffic. This research will seek to identify these impacts in a wider perspective with respect to crimes related to tourism and also seek to explore the rate of crime in countries that deregulate tourism. With globalization becoming embraced internationally the need for national security has been an issue of concern not only in tourism but in other areas as well. This concern is fundamental if nations are to enjoy and promote tourism while protecting the national security by preventing tourism crime, terrorism and other threats to a nationà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s security that could be as a result of tourism deregulation. Research and experience have evidenced that tourism is a crucial factor that can contribute greatly to the development of a nationà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s economy. It is therefore worth noting that tourism is directly associated and related with the cultural, economic as well as the intellectual potential of any nation. Currently available statistical data indicates that tourism is one of the most profitable and rapidly developing industries in the world and thus the need to protect and uplift it as while not compromising as the national security of a country. The evident threats to national security are not something any country passing legislation to deregulate the market can ignore. The purpose of this research is to identify this threats and the correlation it has with deregulating the tourism sector. 1.4 Research objectives This study will be focus on achieving the following objectives: 1. To investigate whether terrorism can be imported in the guise of tourism. 2. To investigate whether countries that deregulate tourism experience high crime rate. 3. To investigate the relationship and compare tourism crime and other types of crime. 4. To identify the impacts of airlines deregulation in international areas with respect to tourism. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), tourism is currently amongst the leading foreign exchange earner in approximately 83% of countries and the main foreign exchange earner for at least 38% of countries globally.Some tourists are turned away by stringent laws of immigration or stay and it has become the norm for most countries to deregulate the market. Tourism is an exciting and fascinating industry. The industryà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s contribution to the national economy is significant. The major threats to this lucrative industry are socioà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½economic problems related to increased level of crime rates and the depletion of resources or sites and events that attract tourists. Similarly, due to the current rise in terrorist activity, it has become a major concern for the natives of the countries being toured. According to Williams (1997) crime is a common social issue which threatens the safety of the people, property, their sense of well being, and also causes entropy to the social order. Crime also reduces peopleà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s quality of life because they are not psychologically at peace and are therefore not able to work as well or as much as they potentially can.(Cracraft, 2000). In all countries of the world associated with popular destinations, crime has been a major threat to the stability of the economy. In a Newsweek research conducted by Zakaria (2002) tourism safety and security matters raised by allowing tourists in is a major headache for any government. It is evident that crime against tourists or associated with tourism is considerably high in tourist destinations. This research therefore investigates the extent to which crime has an impact in a nationà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s security. It is of importance to analyze the impact of passing legislation that lowers the bar for tourists and whether it has become an avenue for crà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½me and threats to national security. 2.1 Impacts of airline deregulation According to (Fallon, 2002), nations globally have realized that liberal aviation agreements have significant impact tourism amongst signatory parties. Recently, there has been deregulation of airlines leading to the growth of low-cost carriers and overcapacity in airline industry to bolster tourist numbers. Further deregulation of international air travel has seen the tourism industry grow significantly as simplified requirements to visit countries are major attraction for potential tourists. In addition, governments are encouraging movements towards agreements with country blocks or many nations rather than individual nations to create open skies in different geographic regions. The result of this is that people are able to move across borders with minimal or no paperwork. For nations to ensure the sustained growth and success of the international airline industry it has become important to adopt aviation policies which are conducive to open skies agreements. This has liberalized air travel beyond existing restraining bilateral among nations. This has a significant impact on tourism as well as other industries, as this facilitates the movement of people around the world. While this is a way of growing the economy, its potential effects on national security are far-reaching. The wanton and indiscriminate hosting of people without adequate paperwork carries with it the risk of encouraging criminal activates. 2.2 Socio-cultural impacts of tourism deregulation on national security According to (Blackford, 2002) it is a fact that tourism has a big impact on the economy of a nation, its cultures as well as the ecosystems. However, it is one of the least regulated industries in globally. This has opened up destination countries further to the influx of foreign earnings and capital. This trend of deregulation favors major international hotel chains and tour operators while still ensuring that the citizens of the country to earn from the resources, whether man-made or natural. Tourism has long been viewed as the reason for the spread of the global mentality. Cultures and social practices are imported as locals learn from visitors. The lack of adequate background checks on tourists, while offering an ideal protection of the visitorà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s privacy poses a problem. The host country is exposed to the risk of allowing individuals of questionable character into the country. Interaction of these individuals with the locals might do more harm than good. The possible causes of some of the security situations include crime related incidents, terrorism, war, and political unrest or instability. The crime related security incidents may be in different forms such as theft, robbery, rape, murder, piracy and kidnapping. Local residents may commit crimes against residents, tourists against locals, tourist against other tourists, or may take other forms such as organized crimes against tourism enterprises. A specific environmental issue relates to the increased number of aircrafts that has increased the pollution rate and brought about a green house effect. Airplane contrails generate cirrus clouds, which reflect the sunà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s rays and warm the atmosphere (Zakaria, 2007). This rise is directly proportional to tourist traffic because airlines will tend to increase flights to popular destinations so as to increase their turnover. 2.3 Deregulation of immigration and tourism laws. It is prudent to note that this research does not in any way imply that attempts to deregulate the market are inn-informed. On the contrary, liberalizing the industry is a crucial step toward achieving the vision of a global village vision and making the world a better place. However, to deregulate without adequately researching on the effects and impacts on national security is ill-advised. It is no secret that every country has enemies or people who would want to cause harm to it. While most of these groups or individuals might not make their intentions known, the methods they use to deliver the punch are criminal at the least. The template is to exploit the weaknesses in the countryà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s laws and find the opportune moment to strike and send the chilling message. Giving visas to all and sundry without first checking their backgrounds or requiring adequate and authentic proof of identification might be good for trade, but it is not the least conducive for the security of all affected. Tourists are not required to give detailed schedules of their stays in the countryà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s they visit and this is the perfect recipe for clandestine operations and activates. 2.4 Importation of terrorism through the guise of tourism According to Cracraft (1986) tourism is an activity that is sensitive and a nation will react rapidly to crime. Acts of terrorism are always a drawback to tourist destinations because it is followed by negative publicity and a host of travel advisories. This is because terrorism acts often indicate inadequacy of security and safety controls. Recent happenings have shown a disturbing trend where terrorists sneak into countries disguised as terrorists, leave among the locals as they plan their crimes. This worrying trend has created a situation of suspicion of people from certain places perceived to breed terrorists such as Middle East. This blanket stigmatization and the blanket security regulations that follow are saddening. The security concerns and weaknesses exposed can be pre-empted by having adequate laws that tend to pick the wheat from the chaff, instead of being left behind to sort the debris. 2.5The difference between tourism crime and other types of crime The growth of tourism has always been associated with increases in the level of certain types of crime (Goliath, 2004). The growth of tourism can also be associated with modernization and development which is a source of social instability which leads to criminal behavior. In addition, tourism crimes are often highly publicized, and the subsequent media publicity is a dent on the countryà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s image. Another consideration is the fact that tourism growth is mostly accompanied by growth in the resident population. It is important to distinguish between criminal acts directed towards the tourists and those committed by the tourists there are many factors that make tourists attractive as targets of crime which include. While crime is primarily an illegal attempt to earn a living, tourism crime is mostly premeditated and about more than just earning a dayà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s meal. It is about achieving a personal, social, religious or economic obligation either to oneself of to a group. As countries continue to pass laws that simplify the entry and stay of tourists without taking into account the dynamic nature of the human being, it becomes impossible to shield against crimes related to tourists. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Most of the tourists may be usually highly noticeable because of their race, clothing, speech, and even the tendency to carry valuable items such as cameras, backpacks which attract therein criminals. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ It is often perceived that tourists are wealthy people and are more likely to be in possession of valuable items. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Tourists are mostly accompanied by tour guides and at times they may be strangers. At times in the destination few people may be aware of their specific activity pattern. For example the murder of Meredith Kerche in Perugia, Italy has had huge media attention in the United Kingdom. It nearly caused a diplomatic spat between the two countries and highlighted how crime is not exclusive to natives. In addition, issues such as drug and tourism, sex tourism as well as other related crime and social disorder among holidaymakers. The high rate of exposure of tourists as targets to criminal activity in some destinations is illustrated by the findings that have seen tourists being stolen of their belongings or property (Schollmeyer, 2003).This social wrongs impact negatively on the national security because negative social behavior such as drug use and sex trade are primary causes of crime. It has also been observed that criminal activities can as well be committed by the tourists themselves, either against the locals or other tourists. Where certain forms of tourism either foster or entail criminal activities, it is the tourist who is usually seen as the lead player in initiating or engaging in some kind of illegal activity-. The most, obvious example invokes forms of tourism, such as those involving certain types of related activity, which are defined as illegal by destination authorities. While tourism activity may be not completely illegal but a strong criminal association may exist. The best example of this indirect relationship is gambling, given the involvement of organized crime cartels in casino businesses. The influx in tourists to these places might raise the economic might of criminals, emboldening them and causing a general rise in the crime rate of the country. Finally, there are those tourist activities that can degenerate into criminal behavior because o f the presence of alcohol, drugs, arguments or stereotypes 2.6 Crime rate in countries that deregulate tourism It is evident that there is high crime rate in countries that deregulate tourism, for example sex tourism industry has increased all over South East of Asia and Burma (Kristiansen Trion, 2005) and the crime rates in South Africa during high tourism seasons is evident. In these regions tourists are highly involved in criminal activities and are often associated with several kinds of human rights abuses, and the spread of HIV/AIDS. For example women and juveniles are often coerced to engage in the sex trade against their will. While these crimes are abetted by locals, it is the presence of tourists with ill-intentions that causes the rise. As observed earlier the impacts of crime on the destination are diverse. Some cases involve crimes related to drug use, whereby the destinationà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s image becomes blotted resulting in significant decline in tourist demand. On the other hand, theft may occur at tourist destinations where the tourists are at the wrong place at the wrong time. In addition, tourists may contribute to this by engaging in illegal activates or getting involved with criminals. (Magenta, 2009). CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction In order to achieve the research objectives a multi-method approach will be adopted, by use of both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Quantitative methods will focus on providing a broad statistical measure of the nature, extent and impact of deregulation of tourism on national security using a reasonable sample size. In depth and comprehensive qualitative information will be collected on the impacts of deregulation of security on national security, importation of crime through tourism, comparison between tourism crime and other types of crime. The research will employ questionnaires to collect data from the respondents as one of the data collection tools. Interviews schedules will also be applied to interview the randomly selected sample population. This chapter presents a description of the procedures and methods that the researcher will use in order to obtain the required data needed for the study. It comprises of research design, data collection instruments, the target population, the sampling strategy, and data analysis methods. 3.2 Research design The researcher will employ quantitative research method. The quantitative research design to be used will be a causal comparative design. The causal comparative design will allow the researcher to collect one or more information from one participant. A casual comparative research allows researcher to investigate the possibility of a causal relationship among variables that cannot be manipulated. This research design will be used to establish the factors that influence employee training. 3.3 Target population The target population will involve the immigration departments, tourists and locals of the target country. 3.4 Sampling strategy Simple random sampling techniques will be the methods of data collection from the various departments. The employees will be randomly selected from each department to yield the total sample population. Purposive sampling will be used to select employees who are trained. Purposive sampling is a sampling technique that allows a researcher to use cases that have the required information with respect to the objectives of the study. 3.5 Data collection tools and instruments. The researcher intends to use questionnaires in this study. This is to provide high accuracy and validity of the study. The questionnaire is a convenient tool especially where there are a large number of subjects to be handled. The questionnaire facilitates easy and quick derivation of information within a short time. The information obtained will enable to investigate the impacts of deregulation of tourism on the national security. 3.6.1. T-test T-test will be used to test whether there are significant differences between two mean derived from the samples of groups at a specified probability level. 3.6.2 Chi-square Chi-square is a statistical technique which attempts to establish the relationship between two variables both of which are categorical in nature. The technique compares the proportion observed in each category with what would be expected under the assumptions of independence between the two variables. CHAPTER FOUR DISSECTION 4.1 Data analysis The researcher will establish whether all questionnaires are all completed. Data collected from open ended and closed questions will be coded for analysis purpose. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used in data analysis. The data will be analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS). The descriptive statistics which will be used in analysis includes means, frequencies, percentages and standard deviation. The inferential statistics that will be used in data analysis will be chi-square and T-test for independent samples. 4.2 Expected results It is expected that this research will yield results that show an upsurge in crime levels in countries that have liberalized tourism industry. In some countries with more stringent practices and therefore less tourism traffic, it is obvious that the crimes related with tourism will be less. This is a wake-up call to all legislators to take necessary precaution when passing laws that deregulate the market and give the players a free-hand to do what they want. National security should take priority over economic gain.

Russian Revolution :: Russian Russia History

Russian Revolution Between 1861 and 1917, Russian society had undergone many changes. It is safe to say that every aspect of that society had been some how modified. These changes led up to the Bolshevik revolution in November of 1917. Given the nature of Russian society, was the Bolshevik revolution unavoidable? Among the changes Russian society had undergone, one starts off the whole chain of events. This was the emancipation of the serfs, in 1861, by Czar Alexander. The emancipation freed 44 million peasants. The Czar knew that the only way to end the discontent of the serfs and to show that Russia too was a modern society would be to let them free. The Edict of Emancipation caused many problems these uneducated peasants. The land now assigned to them was smaller then the plots they were using as serfs. This was an average of 8 acres. There was also a forty-nine year period over which installments could be paid before the peasants were given full ownership of the land. In fact many peasants were still working for their landlords after the edict. Because of his efforts Alexander was nicknamed "the liberator". Despite giving the serfs their freedom, Alexander's actions cause more problems then they solved. After the unification of Germany between 1861 and 1891, which accelerated it's military and political power, Russia too felt it should industrialize. A man named Sergei Witte, who was Minister of Finance from 1892-1903, almost single-handedly pushed Russia into its industrialization. He knew that Russia needed something to start her on the road to industrialization. Witte's efforts made industrial advances from 1892 to 1910. Between 1880 and 1914, Russia had a growth rate of 3.5%. This would have surely brought Russian higher in the rank of industrial and economical world powers. It was said that all Russia needs is 20 years of peace, without war and she will not be in risk of revolution. Unfortunately, the statement was ignored and in 1904, Russia commenced a yearlong war with Japan. The Czar's ministers had assured him that the war with Japan would be an easy victory. In fact Russia suffered a devastating defeat. This leads to the revolution of 1905. Along with industrialization, Russia needed to educate the population. A large majority of the population was illiterate, and factories were looking for more skilled workers. The education of the people led to the growing popularity of several anti-Czarist groups.

Online learning Essay

Online learning tools are of great utility; they are widely used in learning practice. Market offers a variety of solutions that differ in their level of sophistication and functions offered. The purpose of this paper is to discuss three available solutions and model their utilization in learning process, namely FlexTaining, Rollbook, and Moodle. The FlexTraining Total e-Learning Solution by National Training Systems is effective software for e-learning management. Since online education is becoming increasingly more common and popular, e-learning management solutions have gradually started to gain greater relevance. The software is utile and user-friendly, therefore it can be effectively used during the online learning phase. It provides for a possibility to incorporate various file formats, including Video, PowerPoint, Flash, and PDF; it can be used to crate a truly multimedia environment. The solution has won recognition from leading educational institutions, major multinational companies, and governmental agencies alike. The software is powering e-learning for Duke University, Stanford University, Microsoft, Phillips, U. S. Department of Labor, U. S. Department of Air Force, and a host of other institutions and organizations. The tools offered by the FlexTraining Total e-Learning Solution include Visual Course Builder (allows creating classes), Assessment Tool (allows creating online tests), FlexAuthoring (allows developing course content), and Reporting and Analysis (allows tracking students’ performance). While most of the functions offered by the FlexTraining are available in other software solutions, its unique feature and most useful tool is, in my opinion, FlexAuthoring. It offers template-based authoring for creating lesson plans and course content. It is an invaluable tool for inexperienced teachers who need guidance in structuring their material. Another powerful feature of the FlexTraining is pre- and post-assessment. It is useful as a monitoring tool that enables teachers to determine whether training needs have been fulfilled. It can further become the basis for teachers’ self-assessment and continuous improvement. Availability of interactive exercises is also a useful feature of the FlexTraining. It compensates for lack of face-to-face contact with a teacher; lack of such contact is often cited as one of the biggest disadvantages of distance education. In addition, the software offers opportunities for self-paced training, thus being accommodating students’ preferences for instructor-led or individual learning. Searchable document libraries make navigation easier both for teachers and students. All these functions can be of enormous use during the online learning phase and are enabling for students in their work in online environment. Rollbook by Intellum is usually used for corporate training, yet it has a number of unique features that can be of great utility in classroom settings. This software solution is rather simple as compared with other programs available on the market. Its unique features include a calendar (a personal schedule of events and authorized sessions), a branching group structure (a structure that allows forming smaller subgroups within large groups and customizing functions such as reports or mailing lists for these smaller groups), learning paths (a function that groups relevant courses into learning tracks) and design of course certificates. An alterative to the proprietary FlexTraining and Rollbook is the open source solution called Moodle. It offers most of the functions FlexTraining and Rollbook have (such as chat, forum, polls, assignments, quizzes, etc. ), yet it has several advantages. The strength of all open source technologies, apart from the apparent cost cutting, is the ability of different software developers to continuously improve and update solutions. Moodle’s focus is on interaction between teacher and students and especially among students. For instance, similar courses can be grouped together as a meta course, allowing students fro different yet related course to interact with each other. Moddle is also better suited to accommodate multimedia: students can upload multiple files in any format as one assignment (for instance, if a research project consists of a text file, several images, and a video, this function is very handy). All the aforementioned resources enable students to use the Internet in an ethical, legal, and educational way. All these software packages, by virtue of their functional orientation, are empowering tools, since e-learning makes education more available and affordable for all. Their focus on continuous education is another significant advantage of online learning method. The FlexTraining software also allows teachers to check for plagiarism. All the documents uploaded to the system by students can be compared with Internet sources, sources from the Document Library, and previous works submitted by the same student or other students. This function gives teacher an opportunity to detect plagiarism immediately and take appropriate administrative action. Plagiarism is one of the most widespread and harmful examples of dishonest academic practices. Although this phenomenon is condemned by all educational institutions, plagiarism still pervades many spheres of education. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to ensure that student’s academic essays and papers are original. A student who engages in plagiarism deprives him/herself of the opportunity to benefit fully from the education s/he is undertaking. Since every assignment is designed in order to help students to gain deeper knowledge of a certain subject, evading independent research and analysis hinders the continuity and integrity of the education process. Copying the ideas of other people without proper acknowledgement is a practice that all teachers should try to eliminate completely. This is possible to do only with special software. Helping students to understand and avoid plagiarism is the key to introducing them to Internet use following the principles of ethical, legal, and educational approaches. As concerns Moodle, its open source philosophy is the software’s added value: together with better quality, it makes students reflect on the differences between proprietary and open source programs. Such a critical reflection on the role of the Internet in challenging the fundamentals of capitalism and empowering creative commons might make students more aware of the problems of Internet governance and ethical use of this powerful tool for the benefits of all and not only privileged few. Rollbook and Moodle have a closer focus on individual and peer-to-peer learning, as opposed to the FlexTraining’s focus on instruction-led teaching and strict progress monitoring. Thus, Rollbook and Moodle are better suited to educate students about Internet’s ability to offer innumerable opportunities for individual and collective learning. References Intellum, Inc. (2008). ‘Hosted Learning Management System. ’ Retrieved July 4, 2008, ffrom http://www. intellum. com/web2006/hosted_lms National Training Systems. (2008). ‘FlexTraining Total E-Learning Software Solution. ’ Retrieved July 3, 2008, from http://www. flextraining. com N/a. (N/d). ‘Moodle. ’ Retrieved July 3, 2008, from http://moodle. org

Essay Sample on the Mission of the Community College

Essay Sample on the Mission of the Community College South Carolina. Minority students represent 6 to 8 percent of all students enrolled in higher education, yet they constitute nearly 60 percent of the total enrollment in community colleges. These enrollment trends have been consistent over the last 25 years (Nora 1993). Attrition rates of both minorities and non-minorities continue to be a serious problem in most community colleges. Figures on the persistence rates of community college students reported 10 or even 20 years ago are no different today than those cited in earlier studies. In a national study of minority and non-minority student populations in both two and four-year institutions, attrition rates for all groups are still high. While the attrition rates at certain institutions may imply that students are not dropping out as much as in the past, the researchers note that the withdrawal trend at community colleges is still widespread, especially with regard to minority students. Attrition rates for minority students in two-year colleges is at about 60 percent and in some instances is as high as 80 percent (Nora and Rendà ³n 1998). It has been argued that students enrolled in community colleges are not often part of middle and upper-middle-class America. Instead, they are often members of minority groups, and typically are less academically prepared in high school, do not have a high aspiration to achieve academically, do not aim for a college degree, and are less likely to be enrolled full-time (Cohen 1989). These characteristics contribute to the high dropout rates of community college students ( Tinto 1987). Dougherty (1992) has found, however, that even when controlling for background, ability, high school record, and aspirations, students at community colleges are 10 to 18 percent more likely to drop out of college sometime during the first two years than students at four-year colleges with similar backgrounds, abilities, and aspirations. Student characteristics alone have not explained, and do not explain, the high dropout behavior of community college students. It has also been stated that the mission of community colleges is driven by a strong commitment to occupational, remedial, and community, and adult education. Cohen (1988, 398) notes that For the past 25 years, occupational education that leads to direct employment has been high on the priority list of these institutions. One would not expect that the number of community college students graduating with an associate degree in liberal arts would constitute the majority of associate degrees earned in two-year colleges. Furthermore, this view, along with the fact that more than 60 percent of minority students are enrolled in community colleges, may lead one to assume that a larger proportion of associate degrees earned in occupational fields would be conferred on minority students. This is not the case. Sixty percent of associate degrees earned mainly in occupational fields are awarded to non-minority students. Even in those two-year institutions in which the majority of students enroll ed were minorities, the vast majority of all degrees were earned by white students (Nora and Rendà ³n 1998). While community colleges have always prided themselves with having an open-door policy intended to serve those underrepresented in four-year colleges and universities, enrollment figures for high-tech and other occupational programs reveal that minority students continue to be underrepresented in those areas (Dougherty 1992). The idea that the door is open to all groups in all programs at community colleges may be open to discussion. So how exactly are minorities affected by the admissions process? Recent court decisions such as the Hopwood case and later interpretations by university administrators and boards will not have an impact on two-year colleges. The exclusion of race in the admissions process, a process that is unfairly biased against minorities , will only work to lower the acceptance rates of this part of the population at research universities. Lowering the number of minorities at research universities, along with corresponding high attrition rates and low transfer rates, could ultimately exclude minorities from fully participating in society. Access to higher education will fall on two-year institutions as the only segue into four-year institutions, in order for minorities to obtain an undergraduate degree. The future of the representation of all members of our society in graduate and professional schools is greatly affected by the lack of a baccalaureate degree. It has been stated that community co lleges are allied with the democratic principles of equal opportunity and open access (Cohen and Brawer 1990). Valadez (1996) argues, however, that although community colleges provide access they have not necessarily provided opportunity for lower socioeconomic groups to achieve social mobility (391). Pascarella and Terenzini (1998) addressed the challenges students and faculty will face in the next century by stating, Shifts identified in the profile of the undergraduate student body and in the economic and political climate in which higher education finds itself are accompanied by a rapidly emerging and expanding array of computer and information technologies (159). Community Colleges are being urged to utilize and teach as much new technology as possible for two reasons. First, for students attending two-year institutions, who are not planning to transfer and earn an undergraduate degree, the ability to get a job will be adversely affected by not having the technological skills to compete and succeed in the labor market. Second, the role of community colleges is central to the retention of our country as it is today. Those individuals who are in a position to lose their jobs because machines, technology, and the economy have replaced them must find a way to prepare themselves to get back into the workforce. As the only means of access to higher education for many, community colleges must continue to keep their admissions process as painless as possible. Businesses examine the wants and needs of their customers in order to better serve them. Maybe community colleges should ask their students, and potential students once what they see as the mission for community colleges.

Dothiepin Vs. Fluoxetine (Mechanism Of Action And Essays

Dothiepin Vs. Fluoxetine (Mechanism Of Action And Essays Dothiepin Vs. Fluoxetine (Mechanism Of Action And Pharmacodynamics) Comparison Between Mechanism of Action and Pharmacodynamics of Dothiepin and Fluoxetine Description of medicines Mechanism of action and pharmacodynamics Dothiepin Dothiepin is a tricyclic antidepressant. It acts by promoting the effectiveness of several amines (dopamine, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine, which is also known as 5HT and serotonin). It functions by inhibiting their reuptake at the terminals of nerve cells, thus leading to their prolonged presence at the synaptic cleft and an increased effect on the neuron.(1) The reuptake pumps for the above amines are responsible for reducing the concentration of these amines. Dothiepin works by blocking the pumps. According to the amine hypothesis, a decreased concentration of the amines and the resulting decrease in amine dependant synaptic transmission is associated with depression, therefore an increase in the above would help relieve the symptoms of depression. (2) Dothiepin has other actions as well. It reduces norepinephrine induced CAMP formation in the brain, as well as inhibiting the uptake of 5HT into platelets. It also has some anticholinergic and antihistaminic activity.(3) Dothiepin begins to take effect after approximately 2-3 weeks. Usual daily doses of Dothiepin range from 75mg to 200mg in the more severe cases. (2) Fluoxetine Fluoxetine belongs to a group of antidepressants known as the SSRIs, or Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It functions is similar to that of dothiepin above. It also acts as a reuptake inhibitor, but is highly selective. It only inhibits 5HT reuptake, and lacks many of the less useful functions of dothiepin, such as the antihistaminic properties. (1) As above the result in increase in the presence of serotonin at the synaptic cleft results in a decrease in many symptoms of depression. Fluoxetine does however have some side effects including nausea, tremors, loss of libido and in some cases decreased sexual function. (2) It is also possible that it may have an effect on dopamine function. In some cases it also reduces sleep efficiency. (3) Daily doses of Fluoxetine range between 10mg and 60mg. However it has been found that effectiveness does not appear to be strongly related to dose. 20mg is as affective as 40mg, and there is some evidence to suggest that higher doses may be even less effective. However the lower doses result in fewer and less sever adverse effects.(3) Adverse effects or adverse drug interactions Dothiepin Adverse effects of dothiepin range from potentially life threatening to mildly discomforting. Fatalities associated with dothiepin include cardiac failure, neonatal cardio-respiratory failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation, stroke, congenital heart disease, haematemesis, aplastic anemia, leukopenia, hepatorenal syndrome, cholestatic jaundice, coma, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, aggravated Parkinsons disease, intrauterine death, renal failure, respiratory arrest. These however are very rare. (1) Other severe side effects include hepatitis, inappropriate ADH secretion, hypomania, and convulsions. Psychotic manifestations, e.g. paranoid delusions, may be brought about or worsened if already present. These symptoms are also very uncommon, though less life threatening than those listed above.(3) The less dangerous side effects are a bit more common, found in many patients, particularly those on higher doses of the drug. These include dry mouth, tachycardia, constipation, drowsiness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, rashes, and interference with sexual function.(3) The greatest dangers in overdose stem from convulsions, and the cardiac and respiratory effects listed above. (3) Adverse drug interactions include MAO inhibitors and SSRI's as concurrent administration may lead to increased plasma tricyclic levels. CNS depressants, including alcohol will also have an increased effect when taken in conjunctions with dothiepin. Anesthetics may increase the risk of arrhythmia. Antihypertensive agent activity may be reduced by dothiepin. Barbiturates may decrease the serum concentration of dothiepin, while methyl phenidate may increase it. Smoking may reduce the serum concentration of dothiepin by increasing its metabolism. (1) Fluoxetine Fluoxetine appears to have a lower incidence of adverse reactions, and these appear less severe than those associated with dothiepin. (2) Up to 1990 a total of 11 deaths that may be associated with fluoxetine were recorded in patients. However these were not NECESSARILY associated with the drug. The potentially life threatening side effects included hyponatremia, which appeared to be reversible when the patients stopped taking the drug. A very few cases of vasculitis have also been diagnosed. Cases of seizures and seizure like episodes in fluoxetine patients have also been recorded. Some patients developed mania.